The Enduring Symbol of Korea: Mugunghwa, The Rose of Sharon

The Rose of Sharon, known as "Mugunghwa" (무궁화) in Korean, is a symbol deeply embedded in South Korea's cultural and historical fabric. This beautiful and resilient flower, scientifically referred to as Hibiscus syriacus, holds a place of honor as Korea's national flower, representing the spirit, endurance, and tenacity of the Korean people.



Mugunghwa, meaning "eternity" or "inexhaustible abundance," reflects the flower's enduring nature. Historically, Koreans revered Mugunghwa as a celestial flower, with the Silla kingdom even calling itself "the country of Mugunghwa."


1890, Description about Mugunghwa(yellow text) 

The Rose of Sharon is a deciduous shrub growing 2 to 4 meters tall, renowned for its large, striking flowers that bloom from July to October. Each flower lasts only a day, but new ones bloom continuously, ensuring the plant remains vibrant throughout the season. The blossoms come in various shades, often with a contrasting dark center.



Mugunghwa is more than a national emblem; it is a pervasive motif in Korean culture. The flower appears in the national anthem, "Aegukga," symbolizing the unyielding spirit of the Korean people.


Korean school textbook(left) and post stamps(right)

It is also a symbol of the South Korean President, featuring prominently in the Presidential Seal, representing perseverance, strength, and longevity. Moreover, politicians badge and the supreme court's logo design is also based on Mugunghwa.


Office of the President Republic of Korea


Supreme Court of Korea

Today, Mugunghwa is celebrated across South Korea. It thrives annually in the same spots, with strong regenerative capabilities even from cut branches. Various festivals honor the flower, particularly during its peak blooming season. Despite challenges from urbanization and environmental changes, efforts are being made to preserve and promote its cultivation.



During the Japanese occupation, the Japanese attempted to eradicate Mugunghwa by uprooting and burning the trees, replacing them with cherry trees to enforce colonial policies. Despite these efforts, Koreans' unwavering love for Mugunghwa persisted, and after liberation, it naturally reclaimed its place as the national flower.



Despite its revered status, some scholars criticize Mugunghwa's role as the national flower. They argue that Mugunghwa is not historically prominent in Korean history and that large Mugunghwa colonies are rare in Korea. Additionally, there is criticism regarding the person who wrote the lyrics of the national anthem, which features the Mugunghwa.


Lyrics of Korean national anthem, 연합뉴스

Mugunghwa symbolizes Korea's resilience, beauty, and unbreakable spirit. It remains a steadfast reminder of the country's rich heritage and enduring strength. Though not officially designated by law as the national flower, it holds an unparalleled place in the hearts of Koreans, much like the national flag and anthem.