Throughout the Korean history, many artifacts have been destroyed or lost due to invasion, colonization, and war, but Korea still boasts numerous historical attractions.
One such category is the "National Treasures(國寶)," designated by the government as legally protected cultural assets. To be designated a National Treasure, an item must be ancient, representative of its era, exhibit exceptional craftsmanship or technology, possess unique qualities in terms of form, quality, or purpose, and have a deep connection to historical figures or be personally created by them. Meeting these criteria, South Korea's first National Treasure, Sungnyemun Gate, was designated as such.
The Seoul Research Data Service
Sungnyemun Gate, also known as Namdaemun(南大門), is one of Seoul's landmarks. While officially named Sungnyemun Gate, people commonly refer to it as Namdaemun, meaning "South Great Gate of the Capital," reflecting its location in the southern part of Seoul. The term "Sungnye(崇禮)" in Sungnyemun means "to uphold etiquette," derived the "Doctrine of the Mean(or the Middle way)."
Constructed in 1396 and completed in 1398, Sungnyemun Gate underwent several additional renovations in 1448, 1479. At one point, it was the oldest wooden building remaining in Seoul, part of the larger city fortress wall offering protection and symbolizing Korean history.
The Seoul Research Data Service (1882)
The Seoul Research Data Service (1904)
The Seoul Research Data Service (1965)
The designation as National Treasure No. 1 does not necessarily imply the greatest importance; it was simply the first to receive such status on December 20, 1962. However, due to common misconceptions, the law changed in November 2021, eliminating the use of numbers for National Treasures. Nonetheless, Sungnyemun Gate is still widely recognized among Koreans as "National Treasure No. 1," solidifying its place as a crucial historical site in the hearts of the people.
The Seoul Research Data Service
Tragedy of 2008, and Restoration
Since its completion in the 14th century, Sungnyemun Gate endured challenges such as the Japanese colonial era and the Korean War. However, in 2008, it faced a severe threat when an arsonist set fire to the wooden structure, resulting in substantial damage. The fire destroyed 90% of the second-floor pavilion and 10% of the first-floor pavilion. The nation mourned the loss, sparking renewed efforts to protect and preserve Korea's heritage.
강원도민일보 (2008)
Responding to the tragedy, the South Korean government initiated a comprehensive restoration project to restore Sungnyemun Gate to its former glory. The restoration involved five years and three months, 35,000 personnel, and a budget of 27.7 billion won. Completed in 2013, the restoration marked a triumphant moment for the Korean people, emphasizing the gate's resilience and the importance of safeguarding cultural heritage.
Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea (2013)
The sign of the Sungnyemun Gate suffered damage on fire, but it was not lost and could be restored succesfully.
The Architectural Beauty of Sungnyemun Gate
Sungnyemun Gate, made of granite, serves as an entrance gate allowing passage both in and out of the city fortress. Inside, the ceiling displays vibrant dragon murals. Dragons, believed to be noble and mystical creatures in Korean culture, traditionally symbolize protection of the king, country, and control over water. The roof's trapezoidal shape represents the architectural style of the early Joseon period.
Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea
Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea
Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea
Experiencing Korea’s Cultural Beauty in Sungnyemun Gate
Today, Sungnyemun Gate welcomes the public, offering locals and tourists a chance to witness its historical grandeur. Transformed into a cultural plaza, the site provides insights into Korea's past. As visitors approach, they encounter its imposing structure, wooden details, and vibrant colors. The surrounding park-like plaza serves as a serene backdrop to appreciate Sungnyemun Gate's architectural beauty and historical significance. Guided tours delve into the gate's history, enhancing visitors' understanding of its role in shaping Korea's cultural narrative.
The Seoul Research Data Service
Sungnyemun Gate also provides entertainment; every day except Mondays, from 10:00 AM to 3:40 PM, visitors can witness the changing of the guard ceremonies. These ceremonies, showcasing guards protecting the city, include the opening ritual at 10:00 AM, guard duty until 3:30 PM, and the closing ceremony until 3:40 PM. The historically accurate uniforms worn by the guards add to the spectacle.
Seoul Royal Guard
From its origins in the 14th century to the devastating fire and subsequent restoration in 2008, Sungnyemun Gate's journey reflects the resilience and determination of the Korean people. It stands as a living testament to Korea's rich cultural heritage, with the tragedy only strengthening the nation's commitment to preserving its treasures. Visiting Sungnyemun Gate offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and appreciate the cultural significance of this iconic gate, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking to explore the heart and soul of Korea.
The Seoul Research Data Service
*Near the Sungnyemun Gate (Namdaemun) in Seoul, there is the longstanding traditional market (From 1414) called 'Namdaemun Market.' It is estimated to have originated in the 1400s. If you visit Sungnyemun, I highly recommend checking out this market.
Namdaemun Market Official Website