If you've watched either Squid Game Season 1 or 2, you might remember the eerie, giant doll in the first round of games chanting the words, “Mugunghwa Kkoci Pieot Seumnida” (무궁화 꽃이 피었습니다), which translates to “The Mugunghwa Flower Has Bloomed.” This is a very popular Korean children's game. But what exactly is the Mugunghwa flower, and why does it hold such a special place in Korean culture to appear in a game like this? Let’s dive into the fascinating history and significance of Korea’s national flower.
Historical Roots
The Mugunghwa’s association with Korea dates back over a thousand years. The earliest records of the flower’s significance appear in ancient Korean texts and Chinese historical documents. During the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), the Mugunghwa was mentioned as a flower that flourished abundantly in Korea. It was admired for its beauty and tenacity, traits that resonated deeply with the Korean people.
In the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897), the Mugunghwa appeared in poetry, literature, and art. Scholars and aristocrats saw it as a representation of virtue and moral integrity, as the flower endures through harsh climates and blooms repeatedly despite adversity.
The Traditional Game: Mugunghwa Kkoci Pieot Seumnida
The game “Mugunghwa Kkoci Pieot Seumnida” is deeply tied to childhood nostalgia for many Koreans. Played similarly to "Red Light, Green Light," one person, acting as the "leader," chants the phrase while facing away from the other players. During this time, the players advance toward the leader. When the leader turns around, anyone caught moving is eliminated. This simple yet thrilling game highlights the Mugunghwa’s enduring presence in Korean life, symbolizing not only playfulness but also cultural unity and heritage.
The inclusion of this game in Squid Game gave global audiences a glimpse into Korean traditions while subtly emphasizing the flower’s role as a symbol of resilience and perseverance—qualities that are both central to the game and the Mugunghwa itself.
Symbol of Resilience During Colonial Rule
The Mugunghwa gained even greater significance during the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945). At a time when Korean identity was suppressed, the flower became a quiet but powerful symbol of resistance and hope. Koreans saw the Mugunghwa as a reminder of their enduring spirit and cultural pride.
The Japanese administration initially attempted to ban the flower, recognizing its symbolic power. However, the Mugunghwa continued to appear in Korean art, literature, and secret nationalist movements, symbolizing the dream of independence.
Official Designation as National Flower
After Korea regained independence in 1945, the Mugunghwa was officially designated as the national flower of South Korea. Its symbolism was enshrined in the lyrics of the national anthem, “Aegukga” (赤國歌), which references the Mugunghwa’s beauty and resilience:
“Until the East Sea’s waves are dry, and Mt. Baekdu is worn away, God will watch over us and our Mugunghwa blossoms”
Today, the Mugunghwa is proudly featured in South Korea’s presidential seal, government emblems, and official documents.
Cultural Significance
The Mugunghwa is not just a flower but a profound symbol of Korean identity. Its ability to bloom in difficult conditions mirrors the resilience of the Korean people throughout their history of invasions, colonization, and rapid modernization. The flower’s “immortal” nature—its petals appear to regenerate after falling—reminds Koreans of their enduring spirit and the continuity of their culture.
This connection extends into everyday life, with the flower featured prominently in cultural festivals, art, and traditional games like “Mugunghwa Kkoci Pieot Seumnida,” ensuring its symbolic value is passed down to younger generations.
A National Icon Today
In modern Korea, the Mugunghwa is celebrated annually in festivals and incorporated into everyday life. Schools teach children about its symbolism, and it appears in various art forms and commercial products. For Koreans, the Mugunghwa is more than just a national flower; it is a living representation of their history, resilience, and pride.
Conclusion
The Mugunghwa’s journey to becoming Korea’s national flower is deeply intertwined with the nation’s history and values. From its ancient origins to its role in inspiring resilience during colonial rule, the flower remains a timeless symbol of Korea’s indomitable spirit and cultural heritage. Whether blooming in gardens, represented in art, or honored in festivals, the Mugunghwa continues to remind Koreans of their enduring strength and unity—just as it does in the beloved children’s game, “Mugunghwa Kkoci Pieot Seumnida.”
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